During the group's previous rule, parts of the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, which largely maintained international recognition as a continuation of the interim Islamic State of Afghanistan.

It held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001 following the September 11 attacks. The totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in 1996 and the Afghan capital was transferred to Kandahar. Under the leadership of Mohammed Omar, the movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan, shifting power away from the Mujahideen warlords. The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War and largely consisted of students ( talib) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools, and fought during the SovietвЂ“Afghan War. ДЇrom 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law. They also seized control of mining operations in the mid-2010s that were illegal under the previous government. The group is internally funded by its involvement in the illegal drug trade which it participates in by producing and trafficking in narcotics such as heroin, extortion, and kidnapping for ransom.

The Taliban's ideology has been described as combining an 'innovative' form of Sharia Islamic law which is based on Deobandi fundamentalism and militant Islamism, combined with Pashtun social and cultural norms which are known as Pashtunwali, because most Taliban are Pashtun tribesmen.

Currently one of two entities claiming to be the legitimate government of Afghanistan, alongside the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the Taliban have de facto control of the country. The Taliban ( / Л€ t Г¦ l ЙЄ b Г¦ n, Л€ t Й‘Лђ l ЙЄ b Й‘Лђ n/ Pashto: Ш·Ш§Щ„ШЁШ§Щ†, romanized: б№ДЃlibДЃn, lit.'students' or 'seekers'), which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Taliban Islamic Movement and/or Islamic Movement of Taliban is a Deobandi- Pashtun Islamic fundamentalist, militant Islamist, and jihadist political movement and military organization in Afghanistan.

Jihadist extremism in the United States.

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